Indigestion and throwing up

Indigestion may cause nausea and, in some people, vomiting. Reflux, gastritis, a peptic ulcer, gallstones, a hiatus hernia, or Helicobacter pylori infection can produce upper-abdominal discomfort with nausea. A stomach infection, food-related illness, medicine side effect, migraine, or pregnancy may also be relevant.

The details matter: note whether pain is burning or cramping, where it is located, whether vomit contains blood or looks dark, and whether fever, diarrhoea, dizziness, or reduced urination is present. Vomiting does not identify one cause by itself.

Take small, frequent sips of water or an oral rehydration drink rather than drinking a large amount at once. When nausea eases, try plain foods in small portions and avoid alcohol, heavy meals, and foods that worsen burning. Rest, but seek advice if you cannot keep fluids down.

Do not take anti-vomiting, pain, or acid medicines without checking that they fit your symptoms and other medicines. A pharmacist can help with appropriate short-term options. Keep a note of the number of vomiting episodes, fluid intake, urine changes, pain, and any new medicine or food exposure.

Get urgent medical help for blood or coffee-ground material in vomit, black stools, severe or localised abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, fainting, confusion, or marked weakness. Prompt assessment is also needed for repeated vomiting with very little urine, a dry mouth, dizziness, high fever, or inability to keep fluids down.

Ask whether you need an examination, blood tests, or other checks; which fluids and medicines are suitable; and what should trigger same-day care. Tell the clinician about pregnancy possibility, diabetes, previous ulcers, gallbladder problems, regular medicines, and any recent travel or sick contacts.