What should you know about IgE food allergy?

After sensitisation, the immune system can react when the food is encountered again. Symptoms may begin soon and can include hives, swelling, vomiting, coughing, wheezing or an itchy throat. A food allergy is not the same as food intolerance, which does not follow the same immune pathway. A positive allergy test shows sensitisation, but the result must match the person’s symptoms and exposure history. The food itself, cross-contact and the amount eaten can all matter, so diagnosis should be guided by a clinician rather than a home testing kit.

Until reviewed, avoid deliberate exposure to a food that has caused a reaction. Read ingredient labels, ask about preparation and cross-contact when eating outside, and tell household members or carers what to do. Arrange [Allergy Testing](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/allergy-testing/) if the diagnosis is uncertain. A clinician can provide a written emergency plan and explain prescribed rescue medicine. Learn more about [Food Allergy](/conditions/food-allergy/) and keep relevant advice accessible.

Seek emergency help immediately for breathing difficulty, throat or tongue swelling, faintness, widespread symptoms, or repeated vomiting after eating. These can be signs of [Anaphylaxis](/conditions/anaphylaxis/), which needs rapid treatment. Use prescribed emergency medicine as instructed and do not stay alone while waiting for help. An itchy throat can be an early warning symptom; see [Itchy Throat](/symptoms/itchy-throat/) for focused information.

Ask whether the reaction fits IgE-mediated allergy, which foods need avoidance, and how to manage cross-contact. Ask how to use emergency medicine, when to call for help, and whether a supervised food challenge is appropriate.