What should you know about IBS and a change in bowel habits?

Irritable bowel syndrome can affect how the bowel moves and how strongly it responds to gas or stool. Some people have constipation, some have diarrhoea, and others move between both. Abdominal pain related to bowel movements, bloating, and a feeling of incomplete emptying may occur.

A new or persistent change should not automatically be attributed to IBS, especially if it differs from your established pattern. Bowel Cancer and Rectal Cancer can also present with bowel changes, but a symptom alone cannot identify its cause. A clinician considers the full history, examination, and any tests that are appropriate.

Keep a brief diary of stool pattern, pain, food triggers, medicines, and weight changes. Regular meals, adequate fluids, gentle activity, and gradual fibre changes may help some people; large sudden increases in fibre can worsen bloating. Do not start laxatives, anti-diarrhoeal medicines, or elimination diets repeatedly without professional advice.

Arrange a medical review if the change is new, continues, or is interfering with daily life. Bring your symptom diary and a list of medicines, including iron or pain medicines that can alter bowel movements.

Seek prompt medical advice for blood in or on the stool, black stools, unexplained weight loss, persistent vomiting, fever, worsening or severe abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, or inability to pass stool or gas. Get urgent help if pain is intense, you feel faint, or bleeding is heavy.

Ask whether your symptoms fit IBS, what other causes should be considered, whether you need an examination or tests, and which changes should trigger an urgent call. Discuss a safe plan for fibre, fluids, constipation, or diarrhoea.