I think I have a Bartholin cyst: what should I know?

The Bartholin glands sit on either side of the vaginal opening and help produce lubrication. If a duct becomes blocked, fluid can collect and form a cyst. A cyst may feel like a small lump and may cause little discomfort. If bacteria enter the trapped fluid, an abscess can develop, causing increasing pain, warmth, redness, swelling, or difficulty walking and sitting. A lump in this area can have other causes, so an examination is the safest way to identify it, particularly for a new lump later in adulthood.

Do not squeeze, pierce, or try to drain the swelling yourself. That can worsen irritation or spread infection. You can read about the symptom [Vulval Pain](/symptoms/vulval-pain/) if discomfort is affecting movement or daily activities.

Arrange a medical appointment if the lump is new, persistent, recurrent, or uncomfortable. Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, and consider a warm sitz bath if it is comfortable. Avoid sexual activity if it increases pain. A clinician may examine the swelling and discuss observation, drainage, or other treatment depending on its size, symptoms, and whether infection is present. [Bartholin Cyst Marsupialisation](/treatments/gynaecological-surgery/bartholin-cyst-marsupialisation/) is one procedure that can help keep a drainage opening when a cyst keeps returning.

Seek same-day medical advice for rapidly worsening pain, redness, heat, pus, fever, or difficulty walking or sitting. Seek urgent care if you feel very unwell, faint, or confused. A painful abscess may need drainage and sometimes prescribed medicine; do not wait for it to burst. Even a painless new lump should be checked when it does not settle or when you are unsure what it is.

Does this swelling look like a cyst, an abscess, or another type of lump?

What signs would mean I need drainage or urgent review?

How can I reduce discomfort and lower the chance of another episode?