What should you know about HPV and ovarian cancer?

Human papillomavirus is a common virus involving skin and mucosal surfaces. Persistent infection with certain HPV types is associated mainly with cervical, anal, penile, vulval, vaginal and some throat cancers. Ovarian cancer begins in cells of the ovary or nearby tissues and is not approached as an HPV-related cancer.

Ovarian cancer can cause persistent bloating, pelvic or abdominal discomfort, feeling full quickly, changes in bowel or bladder habits, or unusual tiredness. These symptoms are common and have many possible causes. A clinician may consider family history, inherited gene changes, age, previous health problems and examination findings when assessing concern.

Arrange a medical review if pelvic or abdominal symptoms persist, recur or interfere with daily life. Evaluation may include an examination, blood tests and pelvic ultrasound. Further imaging or tissue testing is chosen according to the findings.

HPV vaccination helps prevent infection with HPV types covered by the vaccine; it does not diagnose or treat ovarian cancer. Keep up with cervical screening when eligible, because screening addresses cervical changes rather than ovarian cancer. If ovarian cancer is diagnosed, treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy or other personalised care.

Seek urgent help for sudden severe pelvic pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen with inability to pass stool or urine, fainting, or heavy vaginal bleeding. These symptoms can have several causes but may need immediate assessment.

Ask whether your symptoms need ultrasound, how ovarian cancer differs from cervical cancer, whether family history suggests genetic counselling, and which screening or follow-up plan fits your age and health.