How is osteoarthritis different in older adults?

Osteoarthritis can cause pain, stiffness after rest, reduced joint movement and difficulty with tasks such as dressing, using stairs or opening containers. In an older adult, those changes may combine with reduced muscle strength, balance concerns, vision problems or other long-term conditions. A scan finding does not always match the amount of pain or disability. Assessment therefore looks beyond the joint to walking, falls risk, home tasks, sleep, mood and the person’s goals.

Regular low-impact movement and strength exercises can help preserve function when increased gradually. A physiotherapist may practise sit-to-stand, walking, stair control or safe use of a walking aid. Weight management, pacing, heat or cold and suitable footwear may support comfort. Review medicines with a clinician or pharmacist, especially when several medicines or kidney, stomach or heart conditions are involved. Keep daily activity varied rather than protecting the joint completely.

Arrange prompt assessment for a hot, very swollen or suddenly painful joint, fever, a recent fall, new inability to bear weight or rapidly worsening function. Seek urgent help after an injury with deformity, or when new weakness, numbness or loss of bladder or bowel control occurs. A gradual change in walking or repeated falls also warrants review, even if joint pain seems familiar.

Ask how osteoarthritis is affecting function, which exercises are safe with your other conditions and whether a walking aid or home assessment would help. Ask how to monitor medicines and which changes should lead to an earlier review.