How is breast cancer in men different in men?

Men have a small amount of breast tissue behind the nipple, so a tumour may be felt close to the nipple or under the areola. A firm lump, nipple turning inward, discharge, skin dimpling, or a sore that does not heal can be a presentation of male breast cancer; these changes can also have non-cancerous causes. Because breast changes may be overlooked, a new or persistent finding deserves clinical assessment.

Doctors may use a breast examination, mammogram or ultrasound, and a biopsy to identify the tumour type. Testing the biopsy for hormone receptors and other features helps guide treatment. Family history, inherited gene changes, previous chest radiation, and some hormone-related conditions can affect risk, but a man may develop breast cancer without a known risk factor.

Arrange an appointment for a new lump or nipple change, especially when it persists or grows. Bring a list of medicines, previous illnesses, and relatives with breast or ovarian cancer. If cancer is confirmed, the team may discuss surgery, hormone-blocking treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted treatment according to the biopsy and scans. Treatment choices depend on tumour features and overall health.

Seek prompt medical care for a new breast lump, bloody nipple discharge, nipple inversion that is new, a change in breast skin, or a swollen lump in the armpit. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe breathlessness, sudden weakness, or rapidly worsening pain. These warning signs need assessment; they do not by themselves establish cancer.

Ask whether imaging and a biopsy are needed, which receptor results were found, whether genetic counselling is appropriate, and how each treatment could affect movement, sexual health, work, and daily activities.