How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?

COVID-19 symptoms can begin several days after exposure, although some people never develop noticeable symptoms. The timing varies with the virus variant, the amount of exposure, and a person’s immune response.

Incubation is different from the time a person can spread COVID-19. A person may pass on the virus before symptoms appear, or while having no symptoms. A negative test soon after exposure may not rule out infection because the virus may not yet be detectable.

Possible symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, tiredness, headache, or changes in smell or taste. COVID-19 can also occur without these symptoms. See the information on [COVID-19](/conditions/covid-19/) and symptoms such as [Loss of Smell](/symptoms/loss-of-smell/) or [Fatigue](/symptoms/fatigue/) for context.

Monitor yourself for symptoms for several days after a known exposure. Reduce close contact with people at higher risk, improve ventilation, and consider a well-fitting mask around others. Follow current local health guidance for testing and staying home when unwell.

If symptoms appear, arrange testing according to local advice and avoid sharing indoor spaces closely with others until you feel better and understand your result. A clinician can advise whether early treatment is suitable, especially if you have a condition that increases the risk of severe illness.

Seek urgent medical help for trouble breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, unusual difficulty waking, or lips or skin that look pale, grey, or blue. Contact a clinician promptly if symptoms are worsening, you cannot keep fluids down, or you are concerned because of pregnancy, age, or an underlying illness.

Ask: When should I test after this exposure? How long should I limit contact with others? Do my medicines or health conditions change my risk? Which symptoms should prompt an urgent call?