How is vulvar cancer treated?

A biopsy identifies the cancer type. Examination and scans show where it is, how far it has grown and whether nearby lymph nodes are involved. Surgery may remove the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue; the operation can be smaller or more extensive depending on its position. Lymph nodes may also be assessed. Radiotherapy can be used when surgery would be difficult, after surgery when there is concern about remaining cancer cells, or when the disease needs symptom control. The team balances cancer control with healing, movement, comfort and sexual wellbeing.

Ask how the planned operation or radiation may affect sitting, walking, urination, skin and intimacy. Follow wound-care instructions and wear loose, breathable clothing if the area is sore. Tell the team about persistent itching, a new lump, swelling, discharge or pain. A pelvic-health professional, nurse or counsellor may help with recovery and body-image concerns. Avoid applying creams or antiseptics to treated skin unless the team recommends them.

Seek prompt advice for increasing wound redness, pus, fever, uncontrolled bleeding, worsening pain, difficulty passing urine or sudden leg swelling. During radiotherapy, report broken skin, severe soreness, diarrhoea or urinary symptoms. After treatment, new or persistent itching, bleeding, a lump or a change that does not settle deserves review; these symptoms can have several causes and do not by themselves establish cancer.

Ask what the biopsy and scans show, whether lymph nodes need assessment, how much tissue may be removed, whether radiotherapy is advised, and how recovery support will protect comfort and function.