How is squamous cell carcinoma treated?

Squamous cell carcinoma is a skin cancer that can appear as a rough growth, a persistent sore, a crusted area, or a firm bump. A biopsy or removal allows the diagnosis to be confirmed and helps guide the next step. The treatment plan considers the tumour's position, edges, depth, growth pattern, and whether it has returned. Actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease are related sun-damaged changes that are managed differently from invasive carcinoma.

Surgical excision removes the visible tumour with a planned margin of surrounding skin, followed by wound closure or healing as advised. Mohs surgery examines tissue margins during the procedure and can be useful when tissue preservation or margin control is especially relevant, such as on selected facial sites. Other skin cancer surgery may be recommended for a larger, deeper, or more complex lesion. Keep the wound clean and follow dressing instructions; do not delay follow-up while waiting for the area to look normal.

Arrange a prompt dermatology assessment for a sore that will not heal, a scab that repeatedly returns, a growing rough patch, bleeding with minor contact, or a firm tender growth. Seek urgent care after treatment for uncontrolled bleeding, spreading redness, increasing swelling, pus, fever, or severe pain. A confirmed diagnosis needs planned follow-up because new or recurrent lesions can require examination.

Ask whether a biopsy is needed, which procedure fits the tumour's site and depth, how the wound will be closed, and when pathology and follow-up will occur. Tell the surgeon about blood-thinning medicines, immune problems, previous skin cancers, and any change in the lesion.