How effective is semen analysis for male factor infertility?

A semen analysis examines a sample for features such as volume, sperm concentration, movement and shape. These findings help a clinician identify whether sperm production or delivery may be contributing to difficulty conceiving. The test does not measure sexual desire, erection quality, genetic health of every sperm, or the fertility of the other partner.

Results can vary with recent illness, fever, medicines, heat exposure, abstinence interval and how the sample was collected or transported. An unusual result is not a diagnosis by itself, and a result within the laboratory range does not guarantee conception. The wider history and examination give the report meaning.

Follow the laboratory instructions about the abstinence interval, collection container and delivery time. Tell the clinician about fever, medicines, supplements, surgery, testicular injury and fertility treatments. If the first report is abnormal, repeat testing may be advised because sperm production changes over time. Depending on the findings, evaluation may include hormones, examination, ultrasound or genetic testing.

Arrange a fertility review if conception has not occurred after a period of trying, if a semen report is abnormal, or if there is a history of testicular pain, surgery, injury, undescended testis or problems with ejaculation. Seek urgent care for sudden severe testicular pain, swelling, nausea or vomiting, because these symptoms can need immediate treatment.

Which parts of my report are outside the expected range? Should the test be repeated, and when? Could medicines, illness or collection affect the result? Do I need hormone or genetic testing? Which treatment options match the findings for both partners?