How effective is radiotherapy for vaginal cancer?

External-beam radiotherapy treats the pelvis from outside the body, while brachytherapy places a radiation source close to the tumour for a short, planned period. These approaches may be used alone, together, before or after surgery, or with medicine. The best plan depends on where the tumour is in the vagina, whether it has reached nearby tissues or lymph nodes, and whether organs such as the bladder or bowel are close to the target. The aim may be to remove cancer cells, reduce the chance of return, or relieve bleeding and pain.

Ask the gynaecological oncology team to explain the treatment goal and why a particular radiation method is proposed. Discuss imaging, positioning, the schedule, bladder and bowel preparation, skin care, vaginal care, fertility or menopause concerns, and support for sexual wellbeing. Keep a record of medicines and bowel or bladder conditions. A nurse or specialist therapist can show you how to manage expected irritation and maintain comfort during recovery.

Contact your team for heavy or persistent bleeding, fever, worsening pelvic pain, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, or new difficulty passing urine or stool. Sudden severe pain, fainting, or breathing difficulty needs emergency assessment. During treatment, report diarrhoea or urinary burning early so symptoms can be treated and dehydration avoided.

What is the purpose of radiotherapy in my case? Will I need external treatment, brachytherapy, or both? Which organs are near the target, and how will they be protected? What changes to bleeding, discharge, sexual health, fertility or menopause should I plan for?