How do you know if you have long covid?

Symptoms can include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, joint pain, changes in smell or taste, low mood, breathlessness, sleep problems or a worsening of symptoms after effort. They may come and go, affect several body systems, and differ from one person to another. A positive test is not required in every situation, so tell a clinician what happened during the illness and what has changed since then.

There is no single symptom that confirms long COVID. A clinician considers timing, symptom pattern, impact on work or daily tasks, examination findings and other possible explanations. Conditions such as anaemia, thyroid problems, medication effects, sleep disorders or mood problems may need separate evaluation.

Keep a symptom diary showing energy, sleep, concentration, pain, smell or taste changes, activity and recovery. Note whether exertion causes a delayed worsening, and bring your medicines and medical history to the appointment. Pace activity, build in rest before exhaustion, and avoid pushing through a marked flare. Gentle movement may be suitable for some people, but the plan should match your symptoms and health.

Ask for help with work, study, personal care or emotional support if symptoms are limiting daily life. Seek advice before starting a demanding exercise programme, especially if you have chest symptoms, dizziness or palpitations.

Get emergency help for severe trouble breathing, new chest pressure, fainting, new weakness on one side, sudden difficulty speaking, blue or grey lips, or severe confusion. Seek prompt medical advice for worsening breathlessness, repeated palpitations, dehydration, or symptoms that are rapidly deteriorating. Persistent symptoms deserve review even when they are mild, because treatable conditions can resemble long COVID.

Ask which tests may help rule out other causes, how to manage activity and post-exertion worsening, and whether referrals for breathing, rehabilitation, sleep, mood or memory support are appropriate. Discuss a realistic follow-up plan and which changes should trigger earlier review.