How common is vulval skin changes in vulval cancer?

Vulval cancer can present as a new lump, thickened or rough patch, persistent sore, ulcer, bleeding area or change in colour. It may also cause itching, burning or pain. Some changes are easy to mistake for irritation, infection or a benign skin condition, so appearance alone cannot establish the cause.

A clinician will ask how long the change has been present, whether it is growing or bleeding, and whether treatments have altered it. Examination may be followed by a biopsy if an area needs closer identification. A biopsy is the way tissue is assessed for cancer cells.

Book an appointment promptly for a persistent or unexplained vulval change, especially if it is a sore, lump, ulcer, thickened patch or bleeding area. Note when it started and any changes in size, colour, texture or symptoms. Avoid delaying review by repeatedly applying over-the-counter creams without guidance, as this can irritate the skin or obscure the pattern.

Seek prompt medical attention for ongoing bleeding, a rapidly changing lump, an enlarging ulcer, severe pain, fever or difficulty passing urine. If symptoms are mild but persistent, arrange a routine appointment rather than waiting for them to disappear. Early examination can clarify whether the change needs treatment, monitoring or further testing.

Ask what the examination shows, whether a biopsy is needed, and how soon results or follow-up will be available. You can ask which symptoms should trigger an earlier review, how to care for irritated skin, and whether another specialist should be involved.