How common is trouble getting pregnant in male factor infertility?

Male factor infertility can involve sperm production, sperm movement, sperm shape, or the delivery of sperm. Hormone changes, previous testicular problems, infections, some medicines, heat exposure, smoking, and conditions affecting ejaculation can play a part. Sometimes more than one factor is present, and sometimes no clear cause is found.

The symptom describes difficulty conceiving as a couple; it does not identify which partner has a fertility factor. A semen analysis is often an early part of assessment, while the other partner may need ovulation and reproductive tract evaluation.

Arrange a fertility assessment for both partners rather than testing only the person who is trying to become pregnant. Bring a list of medicines, supplements, past operations, infections, and any changes in sexual function. Testing may be repeated because sperm results can vary over time. Treatment depends on the finding and may include addressing an underlying condition, fertility medicines, procedures, or assisted conception.

Seek care when pregnancy has not occurred after a period of regular unprotected sex, or sooner if there are irregular periods, testicular pain or swelling, a history of testicular surgery, problems with erections or ejaculation, or concern about a fertility-limiting medicine. Prompt assessment is also sensible after cancer treatment or a significant pelvic or testicular injury.

Which tests should we both have first? Could a medicine or past illness affect sperm production? Should the semen analysis be repeated? What options fit the cause and our timing?