Home remedies for sneezing and a runny nose

Sneezing clears irritants from the nasal passages, while a runny nose reflects increased mucus production. Allergic rhinitis may cause repeated sneezing, an itchy nose and clear discharge after exposure to pollen, dust mites or pets. A common cold, influenza or COVID-19 can also cause nasal symptoms, often with tiredness, sore throat, cough or fever. Sinusitis may cause thicker mucus and facial discomfort. The symptom pattern and timing are more useful than mucus colour alone.

Drink regularly, rest, and use a saline spray to moisturise the nose. Wash hands and avoid sharing towels or utensils when an infection is possible. Reduce exposure to smoke, strong scents and the trigger that brings on symptoms. If dust is a trigger, damp-dust surfaces and wash bedding regularly. A pharmacist can help choose an antihistamine or other treatment, taking account of pregnancy, age, drowsiness and existing medicines. Use nasal products only as directed.

Seek advice if symptoms are severe, keep recurring, interfere with sleep, or do not begin to settle. Get urgent help for trouble breathing, swelling of the lips or tongue, faintness, a severe headache, confusion, or marked weakness. Fever with worsening facial pain or eye swelling also needs prompt assessment. Testing may be appropriate when COVID-19 or influenza is possible.

Does this pattern suggest an allergy or an infection? Which medicine is suitable if I need to stay alert? Should I test for COVID-19 or influenza, and how can I reduce future trigger exposure?