What should you know about high PSA levels prostate cancer?

PSA is a protein made by prostate tissue and measured in blood. A raised result is a signal, not a diagnosis. Urine infection, prostatitis, prostate enlargement, ejaculation, cycling, or a recent procedure can affect the level. The clinician considers your age, symptoms, prostate examination, previous PSA results, medicines, and family history. A repeat test may be useful after a possible temporary cause has settled.

If concern remains, MRI can help identify areas that need closer assessment. A biopsy examines prostate tissue and is the test that can confirm cancer. Difficulty passing urine can occur with prostate enlargement or other urinary problems, and does not by itself show that cancer is present.

Ask whether you should repeat the PSA and how to prepare. Tell the clinician about urinary symptoms, fever, recent procedures, infections, medicines, and supplements. Attend recommended examination or imaging appointments. If cancer is diagnosed, options may include active monitoring, surgery, radiotherapy, or medicines; the choice depends on tumour features, your health, and your preferences.

Seek urgent help if you cannot pass urine, develop fever with painful urination, see heavy blood in the urine, or have severe back or bone pain with weakness or loss of bladder or bowel control. These symptoms need prompt assessment regardless of the PSA result.

Ask what may have raised the result, whether a repeat PSA is appropriate, and whether MRI or biopsy is recommended. If cancer is found, ask about its grade and extent, the purpose of each treatment, and effects on urination, erections, and bowel function.