Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus: What to Know

The virus can spread through saliva, mucus, fluid from skin blisters, and stool. Close contact, shared objects, and unwashed hands can pass it between children and adults. A person may spread the virus before the rash is obvious and can continue shedding it after feeling better. Symptoms often start with a sore throat, reduced appetite, or fever, followed by sores in the mouth and spots on the hands and feet. Adults may have mild or less typical symptoms.

Wash hands with soap after toileting, nappy changes, and nose wiping. Clean frequently touched surfaces, avoid sharing cups and utensils, and wash soiled clothing and bedding. Encourage fluids and soft foods if the mouth is sore. Rest supports recovery; antibiotics do not treat a viral illness. Do not scratch or burst blisters, because damaged skin can become infected. Follow childcare or school guidance about returning.

Get medical advice when fever is persistent or worrying, drinking becomes difficult, urine output falls, or the child is unusually drowsy. Urgent assessment is needed for trouble breathing, confusion, a seizure, or marked dehydration. See a clinician if symptoms are severe, atypical, or not improving. For help assessing a child, consider a [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/); fever information is available at [Fever](/symptoms/fever/).

Ask how the illness is spreading in your household, how long to keep specific hygiene measures, and which signs mean the child needs examination. Mention any pregnancy, immune-system condition, or very young infant in close contact.