When is hand, foot and mouth disease contagious?

The infection passes between people through saliva, mucus, fluid from blisters and stool. Coughing, sneezing, shared cups, toys, towels and hands after toileting can all provide a route for spread. A child may spread the virus before the rash is obvious. Blisters should be kept clean and covered when practical, and close contact is best limited while the child feels unwell.

Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies, helping with toileting or touching blisters. Clean frequently handled toys and surfaces, avoid sharing utensils, and wash soiled clothing and bedding. Encourage fluids and soft foods if mouth sores make eating uncomfortable. A child can usually return to usual activities when they feel well, have no uncontrolled drooling, and local nursery or school advice allows it; ask a clinician if the timing is unclear.

Arrange medical advice if the child cannot drink because of mouth pain, urinates much less, seems unusually sleepy, has breathing difficulty, or develops a fever that concerns you. Seek prompt help for a very young infant, a child with a weakened immune system, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling. A [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/) can help assess hydration and the diagnosis.

Ask how long your child should stay away from nursery, how to protect siblings, and which drinks or pain-relief options are suitable. Mention the first day of fever, mouth sores or blisters, and any difficulty drinking.