What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

The virus can move from an infected person to another person during close contact, coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing objects that have saliva on them. Touching a blister or contaminated surface and then touching the mouth can also spread it. Nappy changing and toilet use are important times for careful handwashing.

The name describes common body areas affected by the rash, not the cause. Other areas, including the buttocks or skin around the mouth, may also be involved. Different enteroviruses can produce different symptom patterns.

Wash hands with soap and water, especially after toileting or changing nappies and before meals. Clean shared surfaces, avoid sharing towels and utensils, and keep blisters covered when practical. Stay home while unwell and follow local nursery or school guidance.

A clinician can assess a child with persistent fever, severe mouth pain, poor fluid intake, or an uncertain diagnosis. Get urgent help for breathing difficulty, unusual drowsiness, confusion, seizure, or clear signs of dehydration.

Ask whether the symptoms match a viral illness, how to manage mouth discomfort, and what hygiene or return-to-school advice applies to your household.