What is glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma grows within brain tissue rather than behaving like a lump in an easily separated organ. Symptoms depend on where it is located and may include seizures, headaches, weakness, speech changes, vision problems, personality changes, or difficulty with memory and concentration. These symptoms can also have other causes, so a symptom alone does not establish glioblastoma. Diagnosis usually combines neurological examination, brain imaging, and tissue analysis when surgery or biopsy is performed.

A neuro-oncology team may discuss brain tumour surgery to obtain tissue and remove visible tumour where safe. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy may follow or be adapted to the findings and the person’s condition. Medicines can help with seizures, swelling, pain, nausea, or sleep. Rehabilitation can support movement, speech, thinking, and everyday activities. Ask what each step is for, how it may affect daily life, and whether a clinical trial is relevant. The Glioblastoma page provides a broader overview.

Call emergency services for a first seizure, a seizure that does not stop as expected, sudden weakness or speech loss, collapse, severe confusion, or difficulty waking. Contact the medical team urgently if headache, vomiting, balance, vision, or alertness worsens, or if treatment side effects make it hard to drink or take medicines.

What tests confirm the diagnosis? Where is the tumour and which functions could it affect? Is surgery or biopsy recommended? What are the aims and side effects of radiotherapy or chemotherapy? What support can help at home?