What should you know about FIGO ovarian cancer?

FIGO is a staging system used for cancers of the ovary, fallopian tube and related pelvic tissues. It groups findings into stages according to whether disease is limited to the ovaries or has reached nearby pelvic structures, the abdominal lining, lymph nodes or more distant sites.

The stage is based on the complete clinical picture, which may include examination, scans, laboratory assessment and findings from surgery and tissue analysis. A stage is different from tumour grade or molecular features; each describes a separate part of the diagnosis.

Ask your gynaecological oncology team which FIGO stage applies, what evidence supports it and whether it could change after surgery or pathology review. Pelvic ultrasound may help assess an ovarian mass, while genomic tumour profiling can provide information relevant to treatment planning.

Care may involve surgery such as oophorectomy or ovarian debulking surgery, systemic treatment such as chemotherapy, or a combination. Genetic testing, including BRCA testing, may be discussed because inherited findings can affect family counselling and care choices. Palliative care can be added at any stage to relieve symptoms and support wellbeing.

Contact urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen with inability to pass stool or gas, fainting, heavy bleeding or breathing difficulty. During treatment, report fever or a sudden change in your condition using the emergency instructions from your team.

Ask whether the diagnosis is confirmed, which FIGO stage and tumour type are present, what was seen on imaging or surgery, whether genetic or genomic testing is appropriate, and how each treatment option fits your goals. Ask who to call outside clinic hours.