Extreme sneezing and runny nose

Allergic rhinitis can present with repeated sneezing, clear watery discharge, nasal or eye itching and symptoms linked to dust, pets or outdoor allergens. A common cold, influenza or COVID-19 can also cause a runny nose, but may add sore throat, cough, fever, aches or tiredness. Sinusitis is more likely to bring facial pain or pressure and a blocked nose. Symptoms can overlap, so a runny nose and sneezing do not identify one condition by themselves.

Record when symptoms begin and whether they follow cleaning, animal contact, outdoor exposure or contact with someone who is ill. Reduce smoke, fragrance and dust exposure, wash hands, rest and drink fluids. Saline spray may soothe the nose. Consider a respiratory infection test when appropriate to your local guidance. A pharmacist can advise on allergy treatment; avoid taking several combination cold products together without checking their ingredients.

Seek urgent help for breathing difficulty, wheezing, swelling of the lips or tongue, faintness, confusion or chest pain. Arrange prompt review for dehydration, persistent high fever, severe facial pain, symptoms that worsen after initial improvement, or symptoms that keep returning. Medical advice is also appropriate if the illness is affecting a person who is very young, older, pregnant or immunocompromised.

Ask: Does this fit an allergy, a cold or another infection? Which associated symptom would change the advice? Should I test for a respiratory virus? Which treatment is safe with my current medicines?