Examples of cholera

Cholera is caused by bacteria that produce toxins in the intestine. These toxins draw water and salts into the bowel, leading to large-volume watery stools. Fluid loss can progress quickly, especially in children, older adults and people who are already unwell. Diagnosis and treatment are arranged by a clinician, particularly after travel or exposure to unsafe water or food.

Start frequent small sips of a correctly prepared oral rehydration solution while arranging medical advice. Continue offering fluids if vomiting occurs, using small amounts at a time. Avoid preparing rehydration drinks by guessing ingredients. Medical teams may use oral rehydration therapy for manageable fluid loss and IV fluid therapy when dehydration is severe or drinking is not possible.

Seek urgent care for very frequent watery stools, repeated vomiting, faintness, confusion, extreme thirst, little or no urine, a dry mouth or inability to drink. These signs can indicate serious dehydration. Keep away from preparing food for others until a clinician gives advice, and wash hands carefully after using the toilet.

Ask how to replace fluids safely, whether testing is needed, which treatment setting is appropriate, and how to reduce spread to household members.