What should you know about effects of scarlet fever?

Scarlet fever is caused by toxin-producing bacteria, usually alongside a strep throat infection. The throat may be painful, swallowing may hurt, and the tongue can look red and bumpy. The rash often feels rough like fine sandpaper and may be more noticeable in skin folds.

Most people improve with appropriate treatment, but untreated infection can sometimes affect the ears, sinuses, kidneys, joints or heart. Peeling skin during recovery can occur, especially around the hands and feet. A rash alone does not confirm scarlet fever; examination and testing may be needed.

Arrange medical advice when scarlet fever is suspected. Antibiotic treatment may shorten illness, reduce spread and lower the risk of complications when prescribed. Take it exactly as directed. Rest, drink fluids, and use suitable pain or fever relief according to professional advice.

Wash hands, cover coughs and sneezes, and do not share cups, cutlery or towels. Keep children away from school or nursery until they have received treatment for the period advised by their clinician and are well enough to return.

Get urgent help for difficulty breathing, inability to swallow fluids or saliva, severe dehydration, unusual drowsiness, a rapidly spreading or bruising rash, or swelling of the face or neck. Contact a clinician promptly if symptoms worsen, treatment is not tolerated, or dark urine and reduced urination develop.

Ask whether testing is needed, when the child can return to school, how to manage fever or throat pain, and whether close household contacts need assessment.