Effects of osteomyelitis: what to know

Osteomyelitis may begin when germs reach bone through the bloodstream, a nearby wound or an operation. It can cause local pain, warmth, swelling and difficulty using the nearby limb. Fever, chills or feeling unwell may occur, although symptoms can be less obvious in some people. Infection may affect the surrounding soft tissue and, if it persists, can interfere with bone repair.

Longer-lasting infection can drain through the skin or return after seeming to improve. Diabetes, poor circulation, immune problems, an open wound or recent surgery can change the risk and the treatment plan, so tell the clinician about these factors.

Medical care may include examination, blood tests and imaging, with a sample taken when needed to identify the infection. Treatment commonly involves prescribed antimicrobial medicine; some cases also need drainage or removal of infected or damaged tissue. Follow the treatment schedule closely and protect the affected limb as advised. Bone grafting may be discussed later when infection has left a gap or weakened an area, after the infection is controlled.

Get prompt medical advice for persistent deep bone pain, a wound that is not healing, new drainage or swelling over a bone. Seek urgent care for high fever, confusion, rapidly spreading redness, severe weakness, or sudden worsening pain, particularly after surgery, an injury or a puncture wound.

Ask where the infection is located, which tests are needed, how long treatment may take and whether a sample can guide medicine choice. Ask how to care for the wound, how much weight the limb can take, and whether bone grafting could be relevant after healing.