Effects of Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel condition that can involve different parts of the digestive tract. Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urgency, reduced appetite and weight loss may occur during active inflammation. Poor absorption, reduced intake or blood loss can contribute to anaemia, tiredness and nutritional deficiencies. Some people also develop joint pain, eye inflammation, skin changes or mouth ulcers. Symptoms often fluctuate, with quieter periods followed by flares. Abdominal pain or diarrhoea can have other causes, so symptoms need assessment rather than self-diagnosis.

Keep taking prescribed Crohn's treatment unless your clinician advises otherwise, and attend planned reviews even when symptoms improve. A food and symptom diary may reveal triggers without encouraging unnecessary restriction. Drink enough to replace losses, choose nourishing foods you tolerate, and ask for dietitian support if weight is falling or eating is difficult. A GP consultation can start an assessment, while blood tests may check inflammation, anaemia and other effects. Do not start anti-inflammatory pain medicines, supplements or restrictive diets without advice.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, inability to pass stool or gas, heavy rectal bleeding, black stools, fainting or signs of dehydration. Contact your care team promptly if diarrhoea is persistent, fever develops, weight is dropping or prescribed treatment is no longer controlling symptoms. These changes can signal a flare, infection, obstruction or another complication.

Ask whether your symptoms suggest active inflammation, which tests are appropriate, and how to adjust treatment during a flare. Discuss nutrition, vaccinations, bone health, fatigue, pain relief and the symptoms that should trigger an urgent call.