What should you know about early stages of menopause?

Menopause is a transition rather than a single moment. Ovarian hormone levels fluctuate, so periods may arrive closer together, farther apart, become lighter or heavier, or occasionally be missed. Symptoms can vary from one week to the next. Sleep loss may worsen concentration, irritability and fatigue, while reduced oestrogen can make vaginal tissues drier and sex uncomfortable. Other causes, including pregnancy, thyroid conditions or medication effects, can resemble this pattern, so a new or disruptive change deserves assessment.

Track bleeding, sleep, temperature episodes, mood and any vaginal symptoms for several weeks. Wear light layers, keep the bedroom cool, limit triggers that clearly worsen flushing, and protect sleep with a regular routine. A clinician can discuss moisturisers or lubricants for dryness, treatment options for troublesome symptoms, and contraception if pregnancy is still possible. Mention any medicines and your menstrual history before starting supplements or hormone treatment.

Arrange medical advice for bleeding between periods, bleeding after sex, very heavy bleeding, severe pelvic pain, or symptoms that interfere with work or sleep. Seek prompt care for sudden severe pain, fainting, or heavy bleeding with weakness. A period change does not by itself confirm menopause, particularly if you could be pregnant or are younger than expected for this transition.

Ask whether your pattern fits menopause or needs tests for another cause; which treatment suits your health history; how to manage vaginal symptoms; and what contraception or follow-up you need.