Early-stage Bartholin cyst

The Bartholin glands sit on each side of the vaginal opening and help provide lubrication. If a gland duct becomes blocked, fluid can collect and form a cyst, usually on one side. A small cyst may feel like a smooth, round swelling and may only be noticed when walking, sitting, or during sex. If bacteria enter the blocked area, an abscess can develop with rapid enlargement, throbbing pain, warmth, redness, pus, or fever. Other vulval lumps can look similar, so a new or persistent lump should be examined rather than squeezed.

Warm sitz baths or a warm, clean compress may ease mild discomfort and sometimes help a small cyst drain naturally. Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, and do not pierce or drain the lump yourself. Arrange a gynaecology appointment if it persists, returns, interferes with daily activities, or you are unsure what it is. A clinician can examine the lump and discuss treatment, including Bartholin cyst marsupialisation when drainage is needed.

Seek same-day care for rapidly worsening pain, a hot or red swelling, pus, fever, difficulty walking or sitting, or feeling unwell. Urgent assessment is also sensible if the lump appears after menopause or has an unusual firm or fixed quality. Do not delay review because an abscess can become increasingly painful and may need drainage and medication.

Ask: Is this a cyst or an abscess? Does it need drainage? How can I reduce recurrence? Would a sample or further examination be useful? What changes mean I should return urgently?