Runny nose in dry air

The nose warms and moistens inhaled air. When air is dry, its lining may become irritated and respond by producing more watery mucus. Temperature changes, smoke, dust, fragrances and indoor heating can add to the reaction. Allergic rhinitis, a common cold, influenza, COVID-19, sinusitis, house dust mite allergy or pet allergy can also present with a runny nose. Look at the pattern: itchy eyes and repeated sneezing suggest allergy, while fever, aches or a cough point more toward infection, but symptoms overlap.

Drink fluids, use a saline nasal spray, and reduce exposure to smoke, strong scents and dusty air. A room humidifier may help if cleaned according to its instructions; excessive dampness can encourage mould. Blow gently and use soft tissues to protect the skin around the nostrils. Rest if you feel unwell, and consider a mask and testing according to local health advice when infection symptoms are present. Ask a pharmacist before using decongestant sprays or combination cold medicines, especially if you have other conditions or take regular treatment.

Seek urgent help for trouble breathing, swelling of the lips or face, severe weakness, confusion or dehydration. Arrange a medical review when discharge lasts beyond an expected cold, keeps returning, is one-sided and foul-smelling, or comes with facial pain, high fever, blood or worsening headache. A clinician can examine the nose and decide whether allergy, infection, sinus inflammation or another cause needs treatment.

Record when the discharge starts, whether it is clear or coloured, and any sneezing, itching, fever, cough or facial pressure. Ask whether your home environment suggests an irritant or allergy and which nasal treatment fits your symptoms.