Does uterine fibroids cause bleeding between periods?

Fibroids can change the shape of the uterine cavity or affect how the uterine muscle contracts. A fibroid near the inner lining may make bleeding less predictable, with spotting or bleeding between expected periods. Bleeding may occur with heavy menstrual flow, longer periods, pelvic pressure or cramping. The pattern depends on the fibroid's location and size, as well as other factors affecting the uterus and hormones.

Bleeding between periods can also be linked with pregnancy, hormonal contraception, infection, polyps, changes around menopause or conditions of the cervix and uterus. The symptom alone cannot identify its cause, so a clinician may ask about timing, pregnancy possibility, medicines and sexual health before deciding whether an examination or scan is needed.

Arrange a medical assessment if the bleeding is new, recurrent or happening after sex. Record when it occurs, how long it lasts, whether it follows intercourse, and any pain, discharge or dizziness. A clinician may check for anaemia, perform an examination and arrange ultrasound or other tests. Mention known fibroids and any copper or hormonal contraception. Treatment depends on the cause and may include monitoring, medicines or a procedure for fibroids.

Seek urgent care if bleeding is heavy and you feel faint, weak, breathless or unwell, or if bleeding occurs with sudden severe pain or a possible pregnancy. Prompt assessment is needed for bleeding after menopause, bleeding after sex that continues, fever or foul-smelling discharge. Do not wait for a routine fibroid review when these warning signs are present.

Ask what may be causing the timing of the bleeding, whether a fibroid sits near the uterine lining, which tests are appropriate, how anaemia will be checked, and which treatment fits your reproductive plans.