Does testicular cancer cause a testicular lump?

A cancer-related lump may feel firm, sit within the testicle, or be associated with a change in size, shape, or heaviness. Pain is not required for a serious cause. However, infections, cysts, fluid around the testicle, injury, and other non-cancerous conditions can also cause swelling or a lump.

Because the appearance and feel are not enough to identify the cause, a clinician usually examines the scrotum and may arrange an ultrasound. The result helps show whether a change is within the testicle or in nearby tissues.

Arrange a medical assessment for a new lump, enlargement, firmness, or persistent change in a testicle. Note when you first noticed it and whether there is pain, fever, injury, or a change in heaviness. Do not repeatedly squeeze the area, as this can increase discomfort and make changes harder to judge.

Seek emergency care for sudden severe testicular pain, rapid swelling, nausea or vomiting with pain, or a testicle that appears unusually high or twisted. These features can indicate a time-sensitive problem. A painless lump still needs prompt clinical review even when you feel otherwise well.

Is the change inside the testicle or in surrounding tissue? Do I need an ultrasound or blood tests? What findings would require referral to a specialist? When should I return if the lump changes or remains present?