Does radiotherapy treat rectal cancer?

Radiotherapy is directed at the rectum and nearby tissues. Before surgery, it may shrink or control a tumour and help the surgeon plan removal. It can be combined with chemotherapy, and in other situations it may be considered after surgery or when an operation is not currently suitable. For advanced disease, focused treatment may help symptoms such as pain, bleeding or blockage.

The pelvis contains the bowel, bladder and reproductive organs, so effects can include tiredness, loose stools, urgency, bladder irritation and skin soreness. Some people need advice about fluids, food and bowel medicines during treatment. Your team will tailor this support to your symptoms.

Ask the colorectal and oncology teams how the tumour's level in the rectum, depth and lymph-node findings affect the order of treatment. Clarify whether the aim is to make surgery more effective, lower local recurrence risk, or relieve a current symptom.

Tell your team about bowel frequency, bleeding, pain, bladder problems, prior pelvic treatment and fertility or sexual concerns. Ask about preparation for each session, skin care, diet and the plan for managing diarrhoea or urgency.

Contact your team promptly for repeated vomiting, worsening diarrhoea, inability to drink, fever, increasing rectal bleeding or new severe pelvic pain. Seek urgent care for heavy bleeding, a swollen painful abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, fainting or severe weakness.

Why is radiotherapy recommended before or after surgery in my case? Will chemotherapy be given with it? How could treatment affect bowel and bladder function? What symptoms need same-day advice?