Does pancreatic cancer cause persistent abdominal pain?

Pancreatic cancer can cause pain in the upper abdomen. Some people also feel pain in the back because the pancreas lies close to nerves and other structures behind the stomach. Pain may be dull, deep, continuous or worse after eating, and it may change with posture. These patterns are not specific to cancer: gallbladder disease, ulcers, pancreatitis, bowel conditions and muscle problems can also cause persistent abdominal pain.

A clinician considers the pain alongside appetite changes, jaundice, vomiting, bowel changes, diabetes symptoms, examination findings and your medical history. Persistent pain alone cannot confirm or exclude pancreatic cancer. Assessment may include blood tests and imaging, depending on the findings.

Arrange a medical assessment if abdominal pain continues, returns frequently or interferes with eating, sleeping or normal activity. Record where the pain is, when it starts, what makes it better or worse, and any change in stool, urine, appetite or weight. Bring a list of medicines and supplements. Do not stop prescribed treatment or rely on repeated self-medication without advice.

Seek urgent help for severe or suddenly worsening pain, a rigid or very swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, fainting, confusion, fever with marked illness, yellow skin with worsening symptoms, or blood in vomit or stool. These signs can reflect a complication that needs prompt assessment, whether or not cancer is involved.

Ask what causes are being considered, whether you need imaging or blood tests, how pain will be treated safely, and which changes should prompt urgent review. If pancreatic cancer is diagnosed, ask how the pain relates to the tumour and what support is available.