Does oesophageal cancer cause difficulty swallowing?

Oesophageal cancer can narrow the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Swallowing may first feel difficult with solid food and later involve softer foods or liquids as narrowing progresses. Reflux-related irritation, a ring or narrowing that is not cancer, movement problems and inflammation can also cause dysphagia. The pattern, duration and progression help a clinician decide which tests are needed.

Arrange a medical appointment for new, persistent or worsening swallowing difficulty, especially if food feels stuck, meals take longer, or you are losing weight without trying. Until assessed, take small bites, chew thoroughly and remain upright while eating. Do not force food down with large gulps if it feels lodged. A clinician may arrange examination, imaging or a camera test of the upper digestive tract.

Seek urgent help if you cannot swallow saliva or fluids, food is firmly stuck, or breathing is affected. Emergency care is also needed for vomiting blood, black stools, severe chest pain or fainting. Prompt review is warranted when swallowing trouble is steadily worsening rather than settling.

Does my swallowing pattern suggest a narrowing, irritation or movement problem? Which test would examine my oesophagus? How can I maintain fluids and nutrition safely while waiting?