Does genital warts cause vulval lump?

Genital warts are linked with human papillomavirus and can affect the vulva, vaginal opening, or nearby skin. A growth may be smooth or rough, flesh-coloured or darker, and may occur alone or in a cluster. It can be small, or become more noticeable over time. Some warts cause itching, irritation, or bleeding with friction, while others cause no discomfort.

Not every vulval lump is a wart. Blocked glands, cysts, irritated hair follicles, skin tags, and other skin conditions can look similar. A clinician may diagnose warts by examining the area; testing is sometimes needed when the appearance is unusual.

Book an appointment with a sexual-health clinician, GP, or gynaecologist for a new or changing lump. Do not cut it, squeeze it, or use pharmacy wart removers on vulval skin. Until you have advice, avoid sexual contact if the area is sore or bleeding, and use barriers knowing they cannot cover every area of skin that may transmit HPV.

Treatment choices can include a prescribed cream, freezing, or removal by a clinician, depending on the site, size, number of growths, and your preferences. HPV vaccination may also be worth discussing if you have not completed vaccination.

Seek prompt review if the lump grows quickly, becomes hard or fixed, repeatedly bleeds, forms an ulcer, or causes significant pain. Get urgent help for heavy bleeding, fever with worsening redness, or difficulty passing urine.

Does this lump look like a genital wart? Is an examination or biopsy needed? Which treatment fits its location? Should my partner be assessed? Would HPV vaccination or cervical screening advice apply to me?