Does childhood cancer cause new lump or swelling?

A lump or swelling may occur in the abdomen, neck, chest, groin, bone or soft tissue when childhood cancer affects those areas. It may be painless, firm, growing or associated with pressure symptoms. Infections, enlarged glands, injuries, cysts and other benign conditions can also cause a lump, so its presence does not identify the cause.

A clinician may ask when it appeared, whether it is changing, whether it hurts, and whether there are symptoms such as fever, night sweats, unusual tiredness, weight change, bruising or reduced appetite. Examination and, when needed, imaging or blood tests help decide what to do next.

Arrange a medical assessment for a new, persistent or enlarging lump, especially when its position or change is unclear. Note its location, approximate size, tenderness and how long it has been present; a dated photograph can help show change. Do not squeeze or repeatedly press it, and tell the clinician about recent infections, injuries and medicines.

Seek urgent care if swelling is rapidly increasing, causes trouble breathing or swallowing, is accompanied by severe pain, or follows a serious injury. Prompt assessment is also needed for a lump with persistent fever, unusual bruising, marked weakness, repeated vomiting or a child who appears seriously unwell.

What features of this lump are reassuring or concerning? Does my child need imaging or blood tests? When should we return if it changes, and which symptoms should lead us to seek urgent help?