What should you know about disseminated gonorrhoea?

Gonorrhoea often begins in the genitals, rectum or throat and may cause few or no local symptoms. When it disseminates, symptoms can include fever, joint pain or swelling, a rash or feeling generally unwell. Some people also have [Painful Urination](/symptoms/painful-urination/) or [Vaginal Discharge](/symptoms/vaginal-discharge/), but these symptoms are not required. Untreated infection can affect a joint or other organs, so prompt clinical assessment matters. Testing may involve samples from relevant body sites and blood tests, depending on symptoms and sexual exposure.

Arrange urgent medical assessment if disseminated infection is suspected. A clinician may take samples before starting treatment when this is safe, then prescribe antibiotics suited to the infection and local guidance. Complete the prescribed course and avoid sex until a clinician confirms when it is safe to resume. Recent partners may need confidential testing and treatment. Use [STI Screening](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/sti-screening/) to discuss testing at exposed sites; treatment may be [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) or specialist care for a joint or pelvic infection.

Seek emergency help for a hot, swollen or severely painful joint, high fever with a spreading rash, confusion, fainting, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, or difficulty breathing. Prompt care is also needed for new discharge, painful urination, testicular pain or worsening illness after sexual exposure. Do not wait for symptoms to become severe, because infection can spread while local signs remain mild.

Ask which sites need testing, whether partners should be notified, how long to avoid sex, which antibiotic is being used, whether a joint needs drainage or review, and when repeat testing or follow-up is needed.