What should you know about different types of tonsillitis?

Viral tonsillitis may occur with cough, a runny nose or other cold symptoms. Bacterial tonsillitis, including illness caused by group A streptococcus, can bring a sore throat, fever, swollen glands and inflamed tonsils, sometimes with patches. Symptoms overlap, so the appearance of the throat alone may not identify the cause.

Tonsillitis can be a single short illness or recur. Earache may occur because throat inflammation can be felt near the ear. A GP consultation can help distinguish tonsillitis from other causes of sore throat and decide whether a swab or other assessment is useful.

Rest, drink regularly, and choose cool or soft foods if swallowing is uncomfortable. Follow label directions for suitable pain or fever relief, taking account of age, pregnancy, allergies and other medicines. Avoid sharing cups or utensils, wash hands, and stay home while feverish or feeling unwell.

Antibiotic treatment is used only when a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed and a clinician recommends it. Antibiotics do not treat viral tonsillitis, so do not use leftover medicine.

Seek urgent help if you cannot swallow saliva, have difficulty breathing, develop a muffled voice, cannot open your mouth normally, or have severe one-sided throat swelling. Arrange medical review for a persistent or repeatedly returning sore throat, significant dehydration, worsening fever, or symptoms that are not settling.

Ask whether the pattern suggests a virus or streptococcal infection, whether testing is needed, how to manage pain safely, when you can return to school or work, and which changes need urgent care.