Polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis: the difference

Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory condition that generally begins in later adulthood and causes marked morning stiffness and aching around the shoulders, neck and hips. It can make dressing, rising from a chair or lifting the arms difficult. The discomfort is often felt in muscles, although nearby joints may also hurt.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis that commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet, often on both sides. Swelling, tenderness and prolonged morning stiffness can limit grip and movement. The two conditions can overlap in symptoms, and blood tests, examination and the overall pattern help guide diagnosis.

Arrange an appointment if stiffness persists, daily tasks become harder or several joints swell. Keep a simple record of affected areas, stiffness after waking, fatigue and changes in function. Treatment may include prescribed anti-inflammatory or immune-directed medicine, with monitoring for side effects. Gentle movement and tailored physiotherapy can help preserve function without forcing painful activity.

Seek urgent medical advice for new vision changes, a severe new headache or jaw pain when chewing alongside symptoms suggestive of polymyalgia rheumatica, because these can signal related blood-vessel inflammation. Prompt review is also appropriate for a hot swollen joint, fever or rapidly worsening weakness.

Ask which findings support each diagnosis, which blood tests or scans are useful, and how treatment will be monitored. Discuss safe activity levels and whether physiotherapy should focus on shoulder movement, hand function or general conditioning.