What should you know about diagnosing PMS?

PMS may include breast tenderness, bloating, headaches, tiredness, irritability, low mood, anxiety, food cravings or changes in sleep. The pattern matters more than one isolated symptom: symptoms recur in the days before menstruation and ease during or shortly after the period.

There is no single blood test that confirms PMS. A clinician asks about your cycle, symptoms, medicines, contraception, stress, sleep and medical history. A symptom diary can show whether the timing is consistent and whether symptoms continue through the rest of the cycle.

Track symptoms every day for at least two menstrual cycles, noting their severity, bleeding dates, sleep, mood, pain and effect on work or relationships. Bring the record to an appointment. Mention symptoms that occur throughout the month, because thyroid problems, anaemia, depression, anxiety and other conditions can need separate assessment.

If symptoms are disruptive, a clinician can discuss lifestyle measures and treatment options suited to your health and pregnancy plans. Do not assume that severe mood symptoms are simply PMS; describe them clearly and ask for support.

Arrange medical review when symptoms interfere with daily life, become progressively harder to manage, do not follow a cycle-linked pattern or continue after the period. Seek urgent help for thoughts of self-harm, feeling unsafe, severe confusion or inability to function. New severe pelvic pain or very heavy bleeding also needs prompt assessment.

Ask whether your symptom timing fits PMS, which other conditions should be considered, how long to keep a diary, what treatment options match your goals, and what warning signs should lead to urgent help.