What does diabetic foot ulcer mean in people with diabetes?

High blood glucose over time can damage nerves, so a blister, cut or tight-shoe mark may not hurt. Changes in blood flow can limit oxygen reaching the skin. Together, these problems can allow a small injury to deepen or become infected. An ulcer may look like a red break in the skin, a crater, a blister that has opened, or a wound with fluid or an unpleasant smell.

Do not remove hard skin yourself or walk barefoot to test the area. Keep weight off the wound as advised, because repeated pressure can delay healing.

Arrange prompt clinical assessment, even if the sore seems small or painless. A clinician can check the wound, sensation, pulses, skin temperature and signs of infection, then advise dressings, pressure relief and treatment for any infection. Continue prescribed diabetes medicines unless your clinician changes them, and inspect both feet regularly with a mirror if needed. Wear well-fitting footwear and keep the surrounding skin clean and dry.

Seek urgent medical help if redness spreads, the foot becomes hot or swollen, pain suddenly increases, the wound turns dark, there is pus or a strong smell, or you develop fever, chills or feel faint. Emergency help is needed for confusion, severe weakness or rapidly worsening discoloration.

Ask what caused the ulcer, how much weight you can put on the foot, which dressing is suitable, how to recognise infection, and how often the wound needs review.