What should you know about cholera treatment?

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can cause large amounts of watery diarrhoea and vomiting. The immediate danger is rapid loss of water and electrolytes, which can lead to thirst, weakness, dizziness, reduced urination, a fast heartbeat or collapse. Treatment decisions depend on the severity of dehydration and whether the person can drink.

Oral rehydration solution contains water and salts in a balance that helps the intestine absorb fluid. People with severe dehydration, ongoing vomiting, shock or an inability to drink may need IV fluid therapy in a healthcare setting. Antibiotics may be considered by a clinician for selected cases; they do not replace fluid replacement.

Seek medical care urgently if cholera is suspected, particularly after unsafe water or food exposure and sudden profuse diarrhoea. Begin approved oral rehydration solution while arranging care if the person is awake and able to swallow. Take frequent small sips and continue feeding or breastfeeding when possible.

Avoid relying on sugary drinks alone, and do not use anti-diarrhoeal medicine for a child unless a clinician advises it. Wash hands carefully, use safe water and keep vomit or stool away from food preparation areas to reduce transmission.

Get emergency help for confusion, fainting, extreme weakness, very little urine, inability to drink, repeated vomiting, cold clammy skin or signs of shock. Infants, older adults and people with other illnesses can become dehydrated quickly and should be assessed promptly.

Ask how severe the dehydration is, which rehydration solution to use, how much and how often to drink, and whether IV treatment or antibiotics are appropriate. Ask how to protect household members and when normal food, breastfeeding, school or work can resume.