Depression in men: signs and what to do

Some men notice anger, impatience, risky behaviour or increased reliance on alcohol or other substances before they recognise sadness. Work performance, relationships and interest in usual activities may change. Physical experiences such as fatigue, daytime sleepiness, difficulty sleeping or difficulty concentrating can accompany depression. These symptoms can also have other causes, so a clinician should assess the whole pattern rather than relying on one sign. Depression is a health condition, not a failure of character.

Arrange an appointment with a family doctor or mental-health professional and describe changes in mood, sleep, appetite, energy, concentration and behaviour. A written symptom diary can make patterns easier to explain. Treatment may include talking therapy, medicine, or both, depending on the assessment. Keep regular meals, gentle movement and contact with trusted people where possible. If speaking feels difficult, start with one person and say that you have not been feeling like yourself.

Seek prompt medical advice when symptoms persist, interfere with work or relationships, or lead to isolation or substance use. Get urgent help now if you may harm yourself, have thoughts of suicide, cannot stay safe, or feel detached from reality; contact local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. Do not stay alone while arranging help.

Could a medical problem or medicine be contributing to these changes? Which treatment options fit my symptoms and daily responsibilities? How will we review progress, side effects and safety? What should I do if my sleep or irritability worsens?