What should you know about depression diagnosis?

A clinician may ask about low mood, loss of interest, sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, guilt, hopelessness, and thoughts of self-harm. They will explore when these changes began, how often they occur, and whether they affect work, relationships, self-care, or parenting. A diagnosis is not made from one symptom alone. The clinician may also ask about medicines, alcohol or other substances, physical health, previous episodes, and family history because these can affect mood or resemble depression. Blood tests are not a test for depression, but a clinician may suggest medical checks when another health problem could be contributing.

Symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, or difficulty sleeping can occur with depression, but they can also have other explanations. Depression can include anxiety and sleep disturbance; having one of these symptoms does not by itself establish the condition.

Before the visit, note changes in your mood, motivation, sleep, appetite, energy, and ability to manage ordinary tasks. Record medicines and supplements, recent stresses, and any previous mental-health treatment. Be direct about thoughts of self-harm, even if they feel difficult to say aloud. A trusted person can help you remember details or attend if you want support. Treatment may include talking therapy, medication, practical support, or a combination; the choice depends on your symptoms, health, preferences, and circumstances.

Arrange a clinical appointment if low mood, loss of interest, sleep change, fatigue, or concentration problems are interfering with daily life or continuing without improvement. Seek urgent help now if you may harm yourself, cannot keep yourself safe, feel detached from reality, or are hearing or seeing things others do not. Contact local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department, and stay with someone you trust while help is arranged.

What symptoms are you assessing, and what other causes should be considered? Which treatment options fit my health and preferences? How will we review progress, side effects, and safety? What should I do if my mood worsens between appointments?