Degrees of Tearing During Birth

A first-degree tear affects perineal skin. A second-degree tear extends into the perineal muscle and may need stitches. A third-degree tear reaches the anal sphincter muscle, while a fourth-degree tear extends through the rectal lining. A clinician examines the area after birth to identify the extent and choose appropriate repair.

Soreness, swelling, bruising, and discomfort when sitting or passing urine can occur during early healing. Bowel movements may feel difficult, especially after a deeper tear. Recovery varies, and symptoms should gradually become easier rather than intensify.

Follow the wound-care and pain-relief instructions from your maternity team. Keep the area clean, change pads regularly, drink fluids, and use the bowel-softening plan provided if recommended. Rest while increasing gentle movement as comfort allows. Pelvic-floor exercises can be introduced when advised; postnatal physiotherapy may help with muscle coordination, scar discomfort, or confidence with movement.

Contact your maternity team promptly if pain, swelling, bleeding, or discharge is worsening, the wound appears to open, or you develop fever or feel unwell. Seek review for new loss of bowel control, difficulty controlling gas, or persistent pain with bowel movements. These symptoms can signal a healing problem that deserves examination.

Ask which degree was diagnosed, whether stitches were needed, how to protect the repair during bowel movements, and when pelvic-floor assessment is appropriate. You can also ask what symptoms should trigger an earlier review and when normal activity or sex may feel comfortable.