What should you know about Crohn's disease and fistula?

Inflammation from Crohn's disease can extend through the bowel wall and form a narrow passage. A fistula near the anus may cause persistent drainage, irritation, swelling, or pain. Other fistulas can connect bowel to nearby tissue and may cause symptoms that depend on their location. A fistula is different from an ordinary skin crack or a temporary upset stomach, so an examination matters.

Symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhoea can occur with Crohn's disease, but they do not by themselves identify a fistula. A clinician may ask about drainage, fever, bowel changes, previous abscesses, and flare patterns.

Arrange a GP Consultation or contact your gastroenterology team if you notice ongoing drainage, a tender lump, repeated swelling, or a new opening near the anus or abdomen. Assessment may include an examination, blood testing, and scans arranged by the specialist. Do not squeeze a swollen area or put products into an opening unless advised. Keep the surrounding skin gently clean and dry, and record pain, drainage, fever, and bowel symptoms.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or rapidly worsening pain, fever with shaking chills, repeated vomiting, marked weakness, confusion, or a swollen abdomen. These signs can indicate infection, an abscess, blockage, or another complication needing prompt treatment. If drainage suddenly stops while pressure and pain increase, seek advice rather than waiting for a routine appointment.

Ask whether the symptoms suggest a fistula or abscess, which examinations or scans are appropriate, how to protect irritated skin, and whether your Crohn's disease treatment needs review. Ask who to contact if drainage, pain, or fever changes.