COVID and sore throat: what to know

A sore throat is irritation or inflammation in the throat. COVID-19 may cause it through inflammation in the upper airways, but the symptom also occurs with a common cold, influenza, allergic rhinitis, acid reflux, tonsillitis, strep throat, and glandular fever. A sore throat alone cannot identify the cause. Other clues include a blocked or runny nose, cough, fever, swollen neck glands, hoarseness, or pain when swallowing. A COVID test may help when infection is suspected, especially after a recent exposure or when several respiratory symptoms occur together.

Rest, drink fluids regularly, and choose cool or warm drinks according to what feels soothing. Soft foods can be easier to swallow. Avoid smoking and smoky air, which can further irritate the throat. Follow local advice about testing, staying home, and limiting close contact while you have a respiratory infection. A pharmacist or clinician can help you choose symptom relief that fits your age, pregnancy status, allergies, and other medicines. Do not start antibiotics unless a clinician identifies a bacterial infection; antibiotics do not treat COVID-19.

Seek urgent medical help if breathing becomes difficult, you cannot swallow fluids or saliva, you become unusually confused or hard to wake, or your lips or face look blue or grey. Contact a clinician promptly if symptoms are worsening, dehydration develops, or you have a condition or treatment that weakens your immune system. Arrange medical advice if the sore throat is severe or does not start improving, or if fever, marked neck swelling, or a muffled voice develops.

Ask whether your symptoms fit COVID-19 or another throat infection, whether testing is useful now, which medicines are suitable for you, and what changes should prompt urgent review.