Countries with high risk of yellow fever

Risk can vary within a country and may depend on the season, local outbreaks, and the type of travel. A city stop, rural visit, long stay, or time near forests can carry different exposure patterns. Yellow fever spreads through the bites of infected mosquitoes; it does not spread simply because a country is listed as high risk. Some destinations also ask for proof of vaccination when a traveller arrives from a risk area, to reduce the chance of importation.

Arrange a travel-health consultation before departure and share your route, dates, stopovers, age, pregnancy status, immune conditions, and medicines. A clinician can assess whether yellow fever vaccination is suitable and explain any documentation needed. Use insect repellent as directed, wear clothing that covers skin, and choose screened or air-conditioned accommodation when possible. Keep travel records accessible during your journey.

Seek urgent medical advice during or after travel if fever develops with severe headache, vomiting, unusual bleeding, yellowing of the eyes or skin, confusion, or marked weakness. Tell the clinician where you travelled and when. Fever after travel can have several causes, so do not wait for symptoms to become severe before asking for assessment.

Ask whether your exact itinerary includes yellow fever exposure, whether vaccination is advised for you, how to document it, and which mosquito precautions fit your accommodation and activities.