What should you know about countries affected by zika virus?

Zika activity can vary between countries, regions, and seasons, and travel information can change. Infection may cause a mild illness or no noticeable symptoms, but it matters particularly during pregnancy because infection can affect an unborn baby. Sexual transmission is also possible, including from a traveller who has no symptoms. A destination label alone cannot tell you your personal risk; the route, accommodation, activities, pregnancy status, and partner circumstances all matter.

Symptoms can include fever, rash, red eyes, joint pain, or headache. They may overlap with other travel infections, so do not self-diagnose from a rash or fever.

Arrange a [Travel Health Consultation](/treatments/occupational-and-travel-medicine/travel-health-consultation/) before departure, especially if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, travelling with a pregnant partner, or have a condition affecting immunity. Use insect repellent as directed, wear clothing that covers skin, and choose screened or air-conditioned accommodation when possible. Reduce mosquito exposure during the day and night. Discuss sexual protection or temporary abstinence after travel, because advice depends on who travelled and whether pregnancy is possible. If illness develops, tell a clinician about your destinations and travel dates.

Contact a clinician if you develop fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, or unusual tiredness during travel or after returning from an affected area. Seek prompt advice after possible exposure if you are pregnant, could be pregnant, or your partner is pregnant. Urgent care is needed for difficulty breathing, confusion, fainting, severe weakness, or a rapidly worsening illness.

Ask which parts of your itinerary matter, how to prevent mosquito bites, how long sexual precautions should continue, and whether a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) or testing is suitable.